Optimal. Leaf size=126 \[ \frac {a \left (3 a^4-6 a^2 b^2-b^4\right ) x}{8 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^3}-\frac {a^4 b \log (b \cos (x)+a \sin (x))}{\left (a^2+b^2\right )^3}+\frac {\left (4 b \left (2 a^2+b^2\right )+a \left (5 a^2+b^2\right ) \cot (x)\right ) \sin ^2(x)}{8 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^2}-\frac {(b+a \cot (x)) \sin ^4(x)}{4 \left (a^2+b^2\right )} \]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Rubi [A]
time = 0.24, antiderivative size = 126, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 8, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 13, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.462, Rules used = {3597, 1661,
815, 649, 209, 266} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sin ^4(x) (a \cot (x)+b)}{4 \left (a^2+b^2\right )}+\frac {\sin ^2(x) \left (a \left (5 a^2+b^2\right ) \cot (x)+4 b \left (2 a^2+b^2\right )\right )}{8 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^2}-\frac {a^4 b \log (a \sin (x)+b \cos (x))}{\left (a^2+b^2\right )^3}+\frac {a x \left (3 a^4-6 a^2 b^2-b^4\right )}{8 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^3} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
Rule 209
Rule 266
Rule 649
Rule 815
Rule 1661
Rule 3597
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {\cos ^4(x)}{a+b \cot (x)} \, dx &=-\left (b \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^4}{(a+x) \left (b^2+x^2\right )^3} \, dx,x,b \cot (x)\right )\right )\\ &=-\frac {(b+a \cot (x)) \sin ^4(x)}{4 \left (a^2+b^2\right )}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\frac {a^2 b^4}{a^2+b^2}-\frac {3 a b^4 x}{a^2+b^2}-4 b^2 x^2}{(a+x) \left (b^2+x^2\right )^2} \, dx,x,b \cot (x)\right )}{4 b}\\ &=\frac {\left (4 b \left (2 a^2+b^2\right )+a \left (5 a^2+b^2\right ) \cot (x)\right ) \sin ^2(x)}{8 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^2}-\frac {(b+a \cot (x)) \sin ^4(x)}{4 \left (a^2+b^2\right )}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\frac {a^2 b^4 \left (3 a^2-b^2\right )}{\left (a^2+b^2\right )^2}-\frac {a b^4 \left (5 a^2+b^2\right ) x}{\left (a^2+b^2\right )^2}}{(a+x) \left (b^2+x^2\right )} \, dx,x,b \cot (x)\right )}{8 b^3}\\ &=\frac {\left (4 b \left (2 a^2+b^2\right )+a \left (5 a^2+b^2\right ) \cot (x)\right ) \sin ^2(x)}{8 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^2}-\frac {(b+a \cot (x)) \sin ^4(x)}{4 \left (a^2+b^2\right )}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \left (\frac {8 a^4 b^4}{\left (a^2+b^2\right )^3 (a+x)}+\frac {a b^4 \left (3 a^4-6 a^2 b^2-b^4-8 a^3 x\right )}{\left (a^2+b^2\right )^3 \left (b^2+x^2\right )}\right ) \, dx,x,b \cot (x)\right )}{8 b^3}\\ &=-\frac {a^4 b \log (a+b \cot (x))}{\left (a^2+b^2\right )^3}+\frac {\left (4 b \left (2 a^2+b^2\right )+a \left (5 a^2+b^2\right ) \cot (x)\right ) \sin ^2(x)}{8 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^2}-\frac {(b+a \cot (x)) \sin ^4(x)}{4 \left (a^2+b^2\right )}-\frac {(a b) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {3 a^4-6 a^2 b^2-b^4-8 a^3 x}{b^2+x^2} \, dx,x,b \cot (x)\right )}{8 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^3}\\ &=-\frac {a^4 b \log (a+b \cot (x))}{\left (a^2+b^2\right )^3}+\frac {\left (4 b \left (2 a^2+b^2\right )+a \left (5 a^2+b^2\right ) \cot (x)\right ) \sin ^2(x)}{8 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^2}-\frac {(b+a \cot (x)) \sin ^4(x)}{4 \left (a^2+b^2\right )}+\frac {\left (a^4 b\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x}{b^2+x^2} \, dx,x,b \cot (x)\right )}{\left (a^2+b^2\right )^3}-\frac {\left (a b \left (3 a^4-6 a^2 b^2-b^4\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{b^2+x^2} \, dx,x,b \cot (x)\right )}{8 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^3}\\ &=\frac {a \left (3 a^4-6 a^2 b^2-b^4\right ) x}{8 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^3}-\frac {a^4 b \log (a+b \cot (x))}{\left (a^2+b^2\right )^3}-\frac {a^4 b \log (\sin (x))}{\left (a^2+b^2\right )^3}+\frac {\left (4 b \left (2 a^2+b^2\right )+a \left (5 a^2+b^2\right ) \cot (x)\right ) \sin ^2(x)}{8 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^2}-\frac {(b+a \cot (x)) \sin ^4(x)}{4 \left (a^2+b^2\right )}\\ \end {align*}
________________________________________________________________________________________
Mathematica [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 0.65, size = 179, normalized size = 1.42 \begin {gather*} \frac {12 a^5 x-32 i a^4 b x-24 a^3 b^2 x-4 a b^4 x+32 i a^4 b \text {ArcTan}(\tan (x))-4 b \left (3 a^4+4 a^2 b^2+b^4\right ) \cos (2 x)-a^4 b \cos (4 x)-2 a^2 b^3 \cos (4 x)-b^5 \cos (4 x)-16 a^4 b \log \left ((b \cos (x)+a \sin (x))^2\right )+8 a^5 \sin (2 x)+8 a^3 b^2 \sin (2 x)+a^5 \sin (4 x)+2 a^3 b^2 \sin (4 x)+a b^4 \sin (4 x)}{32 \left (a^2+b^2\right )^3} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maple [A]
time = 0.36, size = 172, normalized size = 1.37
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {b \,a^{4} \ln \left (a \tan \left (x \right )+b \right )}{\left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )^{3}}+\frac {\frac {\left (\frac {3}{8} a^{5}+\frac {1}{4} a^{3} b^{2}-\frac {1}{8} a \,b^{4}\right ) \left (\tan ^{3}\left (x \right )\right )+\left (-\frac {1}{2} a^{4} b -\frac {1}{2} a^{2} b^{3}\right ) \left (\tan ^{2}\left (x \right )\right )+\left (\frac {5}{8} a^{5}+\frac {3}{4} a^{3} b^{2}+\frac {1}{8} a \,b^{4}\right ) \tan \left (x \right )-\frac {3 a^{4} b}{4}-a^{2} b^{3}-\frac {b^{5}}{4}}{\left (1+\tan ^{2}\left (x \right )\right )^{2}}+\frac {a \left (4 a^{3} b \ln \left (1+\tan ^{2}\left (x \right )\right )+\left (3 a^{4}-6 a^{2} b^{2}-b^{4}\right ) \arctan \left (\tan \left (x \right )\right )\right )}{8}}{\left (a^{2}+b^{2}\right )^{3}}\) | \(172\) |
risch | \(\frac {i a x b}{24 i a^{2} b -8 i b^{3}+8 a^{3}-24 a \,b^{2}}+\frac {3 a^{2} x}{24 i a^{2} b -8 i b^{3}+8 a^{3}-24 a \,b^{2}}+\frac {{\mathrm e}^{2 i x} b}{32 i a b +16 a^{2}-16 b^{2}}-\frac {i {\mathrm e}^{2 i x} a}{8 \left (2 i a b +a^{2}-b^{2}\right )}+\frac {{\mathrm e}^{-2 i x} b}{16 \left (-i b +a \right )^{2}}+\frac {i {\mathrm e}^{-2 i x} a}{8 \left (-i b +a \right )^{2}}+\frac {2 i a^{4} b x}{a^{6}+3 a^{4} b^{2}+3 a^{2} b^{4}+b^{6}}-\frac {a^{4} b \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i x}+\frac {i b -a}{i b +a}\right )}{a^{6}+3 a^{4} b^{2}+3 a^{2} b^{4}+b^{6}}+\frac {b \cos \left (4 x \right )}{-32 a^{2}-32 b^{2}}-\frac {a \sin \left (4 x \right )}{32 \left (-a^{2}-b^{2}\right )}\) | \(278\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maxima [A]
time = 0.50, size = 240, normalized size = 1.90 \begin {gather*} -\frac {a^{4} b \log \left (a \tan \left (x\right ) + b\right )}{a^{6} + 3 \, a^{4} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{4} + b^{6}} + \frac {a^{4} b \log \left (\tan \left (x\right )^{2} + 1\right )}{2 \, {\left (a^{6} + 3 \, a^{4} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{4} + b^{6}\right )}} + \frac {{\left (3 \, a^{5} - 6 \, a^{3} b^{2} - a b^{4}\right )} x}{8 \, {\left (a^{6} + 3 \, a^{4} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{4} + b^{6}\right )}} - \frac {4 \, a^{2} b \tan \left (x\right )^{2} - {\left (3 \, a^{3} - a b^{2}\right )} \tan \left (x\right )^{3} + 6 \, a^{2} b + 2 \, b^{3} - {\left (5 \, a^{3} + a b^{2}\right )} \tan \left (x\right )}{8 \, {\left ({\left (a^{4} + 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4}\right )} \tan \left (x\right )^{4} + a^{4} + 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4} + 2 \, {\left (a^{4} + 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4}\right )} \tan \left (x\right )^{2}\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Fricas [A]
time = 3.49, size = 178, normalized size = 1.41 \begin {gather*} -\frac {4 \, a^{4} b \log \left (2 \, a b \cos \left (x\right ) \sin \left (x\right ) - {\left (a^{2} - b^{2}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} + a^{2}\right ) + 2 \, {\left (a^{4} b + 2 \, a^{2} b^{3} + b^{5}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{4} + 4 \, {\left (a^{4} b + a^{2} b^{3}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - {\left (3 \, a^{5} - 6 \, a^{3} b^{2} - a b^{4}\right )} x - {\left (2 \, {\left (a^{5} + 2 \, a^{3} b^{2} + a b^{4}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{3} + {\left (3 \, a^{5} + 2 \, a^{3} b^{2} - a b^{4}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )\right )} \sin \left (x\right )}{8 \, {\left (a^{6} + 3 \, a^{4} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{4} + b^{6}\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\cos ^{4}{\left (x \right )}}{a + b \cot {\left (x \right )}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Giac [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 270 vs.
\(2 (120) = 240\).
time = 0.45, size = 270, normalized size = 2.14 \begin {gather*} -\frac {a^{5} b \log \left ({\left | a \tan \left (x\right ) + b \right |}\right )}{a^{7} + 3 \, a^{5} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{3} b^{4} + a b^{6}} + \frac {a^{4} b \log \left (\tan \left (x\right )^{2} + 1\right )}{2 \, {\left (a^{6} + 3 \, a^{4} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{4} + b^{6}\right )}} + \frac {{\left (3 \, a^{5} - 6 \, a^{3} b^{2} - a b^{4}\right )} x}{8 \, {\left (a^{6} + 3 \, a^{4} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{4} + b^{6}\right )}} - \frac {6 \, a^{4} b \tan \left (x\right )^{4} - 3 \, a^{5} \tan \left (x\right )^{3} - 2 \, a^{3} b^{2} \tan \left (x\right )^{3} + a b^{4} \tan \left (x\right )^{3} + 16 \, a^{4} b \tan \left (x\right )^{2} + 4 \, a^{2} b^{3} \tan \left (x\right )^{2} - 5 \, a^{5} \tan \left (x\right ) - 6 \, a^{3} b^{2} \tan \left (x\right ) - a b^{4} \tan \left (x\right ) + 12 \, a^{4} b + 8 \, a^{2} b^{3} + 2 \, b^{5}}{8 \, {\left (a^{6} + 3 \, a^{4} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{4} + b^{6}\right )} {\left (\tan \left (x\right )^{2} + 1\right )}^{2}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Mupad [B]
time = 0.50, size = 279, normalized size = 2.21 \begin {gather*} -\frac {\frac {3\,a^2\,b+b^3}{4\,\left (a^4+2\,a^2\,b^2+b^4\right )}+\frac {{\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )}^3\,\left (a\,b^2-3\,a^3\right )}{8\,\left (a^4+2\,a^2\,b^2+b^4\right )}-\frac {a\,\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )\,\left (5\,a^2+b^2\right )}{8\,\left (a^4+2\,a^2\,b^2+b^4\right )}+\frac {a^2\,b\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )}^2}{2\,\left (a^4+2\,a^2\,b^2+b^4\right )}}{{\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )}^4+2\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )}^2+1}+\frac {\ln \left (\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )-\mathrm {i}\right )\,\left (-3\,a^2+a\,b\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{16\,\left (-a^3\,1{}\mathrm {i}-3\,a^2\,b+a\,b^2\,3{}\mathrm {i}+b^3\right )}+\frac {\ln \left (\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )+1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,\left (a\,b-a^2\,3{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{16\,\left (-a^3-a^2\,b\,3{}\mathrm {i}+3\,a\,b^2+b^3\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}-\frac {a^4\,b\,\ln \left (b+a\,\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )\right )}{a^6+3\,a^4\,b^2+3\,a^2\,b^4+b^6} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________